
Noah shows off one of his dad's turkeys shortly after it
spent the summer grazing at Howmars Farm.
A reader wrote in to ask about the turkeys and what do we do with all of them. Well, we sell some and we keep some for our own use. We started raising turkeys, oh, before son Ben was born, 15 years ago at least. It started as a venture with Karen's younger brother, Gary. We raised some for us and several family members, and some to sell. We didn't really make any money, but we had some good turkey to eat!
The turkey operation has changed over the years. Once we had a confinement-type set-up where the turkeys were in an enclosed pen and fed just a conventional grain diet. Now the turkeys are in a portable shelter that is moved twice a day to give them fresh grass to graze and they are fed organic grain. By raising the turkeys this way we reduce the amount of grain fed by up to 30 percent, and the meat of the turkeys has all the health benefits of being raised on grass. And being out in the sunshine and getting plenty of exercise makes for a healthy bird.
As far as the economics of raising the turkeys, we really don't plan on making money. We shoot for selling enough turkeys to cover the cost of the birds we keep for ourselves to use throughout the year. We usually use around 15 turkeys a year. The turkeys, along with the beef and meat chickens raised here at the farm, give us all the meat we need for the year. And when it comes to large family gatherings, nothing is better to have than a nice 30 lb. tom turkey roasted until the meat is falling off the bone!
--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont
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The dry weather is continuing here in northwestern Vermont and, because of it, I'm getting many of the grazing paddocks covered with compost and stacked manure. Usually by this time in the fall we are battling the rains to get all the spreading done. With nice weather like this I wish the days were a little longer to get more done.
The grazing season is done and we are giving the cows almost 3 round bales a day now, the amount we normally feed through the winter. With the nice days, the cows are still going out to nibble around the pastures and lay in the sunshine. I chase them out of the barn and pull the pole across the doorway to keep them out, telling them to enjoy the sunshine because winter will be here before they know it!
After today's spreading, I've spread about 28 loads of compost and 35 loads of stacked manure, covering about 12-14 acres of pasture. Maybe by the end of the week I'll have a little more than half of the grazing paddocks covered. Sometimes it seems like I'll never get all the spreading done with my little spreader, hauling 4 yards of compost or manure at a time out to the fields. But after having two large liquid manure trucks fly by me several times on the road while running this morning, I guess I like the slow, steady pace of hauling my compost out to the grazing paddocks one load at a time, enjoying the beautiful fall colors and sky.
--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont
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Sign on the door to the milking barn at Jonathan Gates' Howmars Farm, Franklin, Vermont.
Learn about other organic dairy farmers and the Organic Valley family of farms.

Jonathan moves the pen that allows the turkeys to graze in the paddocks. When the turkeys move to new grass, they purr and coo with pleasure.
Today was turkey day here at the farm. A good day for us, not so good for the turkeys. Dave Adams, owner of Adams Turkey Farm where our turkeys get processed, had called me about a week ago to let us know that he and his wife, Judy, had scheduled us in for the following Friday. All week we were looking forward to the last time we would have to lug water and grain down the the turkeys. But even that last day, we enjoyed watching the turkeys eagerly gobble up the fresh grass and clover as we moved their shelter to a fresh spot.
The turkeys were loaded on to the truck around 6 a.m. and I headed down the road to Westford. Things were just getting started at Adams' when I pulled in around 7:45. Dave, coffee cup in hand, greeted me and helped me get my birds unloaded into the holding pen. He said be back around 4 p.m. to pick up the packaged birds, and with that I headed back to Franklin to finish the morning chores I had left undone.
I arrived back at Dave and Judy's right at 4 p.m. Another customer was just leaving with their processed birds, and they had come all the way from Connecticut!! That made my 50 minute drive one-way seem pretty short. The turkeys had turned out great, with the average weight just over 16 pounds. Since we started the chicks later than usual in July, and the fact that they were all hens, the average weight was excellent. By 5:30 I was home and all 30 turkeys in the freezer. Another summer of turkey raising done!
--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont
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This morning we were getting towards the end of milking and I went out into the holding area to make sure all the cows had come up from the grazing paddock. I counted a few times and decided that we were one short. I told Dad, and then I took the four-wheeler down to the paddock to check it out. I found the cow just where I was afraid she would be, stuck in the main waterway running through the pastures. There is no "bottom" to the waterway due to the type of soil making up this bottomland on the farm. When a cow or heifer happens to end up in the water, they just can't get out without help.
Usually once a summer we have to pull an animal out of the waterway. Usually it is a heifer that we have put in with the cows to acclimate her to the herd and the barn before calving, and the heifer ignores the fence, goes into the water, and gets stuck. Today it was a 5-year-old cow, Janice, and I can't tell if she was just trying to get to the water for a drink or if several cows were fooling around and she got bumped in.
In about ten minutes we had the loader tractor down there, the heavy tow rope tied around her head like a halter, and in 5 seconds we had her out of the muck and on dry ground. Cows are such amazing animals. In a few seconds, Janice was standing up and immediately started eating grass.
While Dad drove the tractor back to the barn, I followed along behind Janice bringing her back to the barn and putting her in a pen to warm up and dry off. After being milked at the afternoon milking, she was turned back out with her herdmates and was doing fine.
--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont

Today we started feeding round bales to the milking herd for the first time since May. The amount of forage out in the grazing paddocks is dwindling, and we want to start feeding stored forage before we see a drop in production from the cows. It also makes a better transition from grass to stored feed if we start feeding one bale of hay per day while there is still grass to graze out in the paddocks. In a couple of weeks we will build up to feeding 3 round bales per day to the milking herd which will meet all their forage needs.
We have had a great fall for grazing with the warm, sunny weather we enjoyed all through September. Normally we start feeding a round bale a day in early or mid-September but we were able to hold off until the first week of October this year. This is quite a savings since we pay $35/bale delivered to the farm. Our feed supplier, Dennis Demar, hopes to deliver at least half of the winter's supply of round bales in the next few weeks. We normally use about 700 round bales each winter to feed the dairy herd and the older heifers and steers wintering outside in the pole barn.
It's a little humbling when we start feeding the round bales. This signals the coming end of grazing season, an end to lush, green grass, to cows lazily chewing their cuds out in the sunny pasture, an end to an easier time on the farm in regards to feeding and caring for the animals. It reminds us winter, with all its challenges and extra chores, is just around the corner. Bring it on!
--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont
With the cows going through the final rotation of the grazing paddocks, it's time to start spreading compost and aged-manure on the fields to get them ready for the next grazing season. We have begun by working on the 500-foot compost row we have been turning this summer. Despite the extremely wet summer, and the minimal number of times we were able to turn the windrow, the compost looks just great. Thanks to Stonyfield for their farmer grant program that paid for nearly all the costs of the Sittler Windrow Turner we use here at Howmars.
We begin spreading on the fields that should be done while the conditions are at their driest. It so happens that these fields are lowest in soil fertility, so we target the compost especially for this area. We feel the compost will raise the fertility faster on these fields than just aged-manure. Once the compost is all spread we will then spread the aged-manure stored in the stacking area. I just hope the weather holds until I get all the hard-to-get-to fields done!
All of my neighbors are emptying the liquid manure pits, spreading on the just-harvested corn fields. It sure hasn't smelled very good around the neighborhood. But when someone stops at our farm I tell them I've spread close to 30 loads of manure and they comment on how they can't smell a thing. That's another nice thing about composting our dairy manure.

--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont
Learn about other organic dairy farmers and the Organic Valley family of farms.
We had a load of grain from Morrison Feeds delivered to the farm the other day. This load was a little different from what we had been getting since the cows had started the grazing season back in May. Once the cows start grazing, we lower the protein level of the grain because the lush grass they feed on is very high in protein. This way we don't oversupply the cow with protein, and we save on grain costs because the higher the protein level of the grain the higher the price of the grain.
On this particular load of grain, we raised the protein level up 2 percent to a 14 percent ration. We did this because the feed in the grazing paddocks is not as good and is not providing the level of protein it was a month ago. By raising the protein level we hope to keep the cows producing at their current level for awhile longer, and we will need this extra protein in the cows diet once we start feed round bales to the milking cows. No matter how good the feed is in the round bales, it can never match the feed the cows get in our pastures during the grazing season.
One interesting thing we have found since switching to organic production is that we have fed a much lower protein grain than we ever did while farming conventionally. In the summer we feed a 12 percent ration and in the winter we feed a 14% ration. When we were farming conventionally, we rarely fed a ration as low as 12 percent, and in the winter we were told by the grain salemen and their computer programs that we needed to feed a grain ration as high as 20-22 percent protein. Our cows have done fine on the lower protein rations. It makes me wonder what were we really being sold all those years?

--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont
Learn about other organic dairy farmers and the Organic Valley family of farms.

Jonathan's cows wait for no man. It's time to head to the milking parlor,
one fine fall day last week.
When I visited Karen and Jonathan Gates last week up at their Franklin, Vermont dairy farm, Karen told me the story of a recent conversation she had on the phone with a telemarketer. The marketer wanted Karen and Jonathan to take advantage of an offer for a cheap weekend away and the opportunity to view a timeshare facility. Karen tried to explain that, as dairy farmers, getting away from the farm for any length of time is often impossible. The telemarketer tried again. “Surely fall is a less busy time?”
Patiently, Karen tried to explain that cows are a year-round operation and they don’t milk themselves. Karen did, however, offer that she and Jonathan would come for a visit if the telemarketer would agree to fill in on the farm!
Jonathan did tell me that vacations are nearly impossible for most farmers. When he and Karen were first married, his parents could take over the farm so they could have family vacations. Now the kids are older, but so are his parents, and it gets harder and harder to leave the cows in someone else’s care. He did tell me about a developing idea up in northern Vermont, to have a sort of “cow sitting” service, with young people with farming backgrounds able to come and fill-in after a bit of training at the individual’s farm. Jonathan thought that sounded like a great idea.
--Chris, Chief Blogger
Learn about other organic dairy farmers and the Organic Valley family of farms, where Jonathan Gates is one of more than 600 farmer members.
Want to learn more about how an organic dairy farm operates? Visit Anna's Organic Farm Tour at Organic Valley. The educational tour is geared towards kids ages 4 to 10, but this fun video is good for anybody, including us city slickers, who want to learn more about dairy farming.

Above left: Some harvest time decor after tha dance; Above right: the scene of Barndance II.
What a great time everyone had Saturday night at Barndance II. (See the Sept. 21 entry for more about this event!) All the hardwork that went into getting ready for it was definitely worth it. Through the day sister Patty oversaw the final decorating and setup while Karen and I snuck away to son Ben's X-C meet in East Montpelier. We arrived back at the farm around 3:30 to find everything looking great, and the afternoon chores well underway. Chores were done and everyone was getting cleaned up when the band arrived.
The band, Ten Rod Road, arrived in two Volvo and one Subaru stationwagons. Welcoming smiles, handshakes,and hugs were shared and the band went right to work setting up their gear. Mom made sure the band was fed, taking orders for turkey sandwiches made with Howmars Farm turkey. With a final tune-up and sound check they were ready to go. Shortly after 7 o'clock the band started to play and the people began to arrive.
Relatives and friends arrived with food to share, chairs to sit in to rest after a twirl on the dance floor, and stories, jokes, and news to tell to everyone they met. Toddlers, grade-schoolers, teen-agers, and teen-agers at heart all took a turn dancing to the rock-and-roll buzzing from the band. And when the band took a break, the food table was quickly swarmed, the coolers were slowly emptied, and marshmallows were toasted on the bonfire blazing in the fire pit that Aunt Patty and her nieces and nephews had made a few days before. One of Karen's cousins, around the age of 40 or so, actually had his first S'more that night!
By midnight the band was packed up and headed to a nearby hotel for the night. The dancers that were left slowly packed up their things, piled them into their vehicles, shouted their thanks, and headed down the dirt road to bed. Two campers set up on our lawn, on belonging to Karen's brother Kris and the other belonging to Patty's good friends Ray and Denise, were filled will sleeping party-goers. Five hearty souls--Patty, Ben, Kris, Karen, and myself--sat chatting around the dying fire, reliving the evening's events and just sharing some time under the beautiful 3/4 full moon that shone down brightly from the clear night sky. We finally called it quits about quarter to 2. Boy, morning chores were going to come awfully early!
--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont
Below, kids and cousins in attendance show off their t-shirts autographed by the band members.

On a recent visit to Howmars Farm in Franklin, Vermont (nearly at the Canadian border) I waded into the pasture to meet Jonathan's heifers. Most of them were a bit stand-offish, but not Onyx. She sidled right up to me and to the camera with all the air of a curious cat, then proceeded to lick my leg with a very strong, warm tongue! I took that as a good sign.
Look for more notes about a city kid's trip to the farm, coming soon in The Bovine Bugle.
--Chris, Chief Blogger
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Noah was having a hankering for beef stew, so Karen had taken a package of our stew beef out to thaw last night. This morning she told Noah he needed to pull a few carrots out of the garden to put in the stew. The carrots are so big this year we probably only needed one to go into the stew. Along with the beef and the carrots, potatoes and green beans from our garden also went into the crock pot. When we sit down to supper and a meal like this we call it a "Howmars Farm" supper because everything we are having at the meal came right from our farm. We are so fortunate to be able to do this.
The garden is almost done producing for the season. The cucumbers are still going, and there is some corn and carrots still to be harvested. And the pumpkins and squash, of course. The potatoes are in the potato bin in the cool, stone-walled cellar, pickled cucumbers and beets are in jars lining the storage cupboard shelves, and bags of green (string) beans are frozen in the freezer waiting to be used. The garden produced very well for us despite the very wet conditions and cool temperatures early on in the growing season. It is very gratifying to eat and enjoy all the good things we produce here at the farm.
--Jonathan, Howmars Farm
Franklin, Vermont